9. Linux Kernel

9. Linux Kernel
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	Latest Release Notes on the Web
These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Latest Release Notes on the Web

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.24 based kernel in Fedora 9. The 2.6.24 kernel includes:

Tickless support for x86 64-bit systems (32-bit was added previously), which greatly improves power management.
Some elements of the realtime kernel project.
The kernel has a new version naming scheme to more closely match the upstream version naming scheme.
The kernel spec file is now named kernel.spec rather than kernel-2.6.spec.
The kernel spec file has new macros that ease the kernel building process. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel for further information.
The kernel in Fedora 9 no longer loads modules by default for ISA sound cards. Load the module by hand using the command modprobe module-name, or put an entry in /etc/modprobe.conf. For example, for the Creative SoundBlaster AWE64, add the following entry:
```
install snd-sbawe
```
The Fedora kernel offers paravirt_ops support in domU, as part of the kernel team's efforts to reduce the work required to produce current Xen kernels.
Xen fully virtualized guests can directly boot a kernel and initrd image and pass kernel boot args. For more details refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.

9.1. Version

Fedora may include additional patches to the kernel for improvements, bug fixes, or additional features. For this reason, the Fedora kernel may not be line-for-line equivalent to the so-called vanilla kernel from the kernel.org web site:

http://www.kernel.org/

To obtain a list of these patches, download the source RPM package and run the following command against it:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm

9.2. Changelog

To retrieve a log of changes to the package, run the following command:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version>

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.

9.3. Kernel Flavors

Fedora 9 includes the following kernel builds:

Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-devel package.
The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with more than 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have an NX (No eXecute) feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-PAE-devel package.
Virtualization kernel for use with the Xen emulator package. Configured sources are available in the kernel-xen-devel package.

You may install kernel headers for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/version[-PAE|-xen|-kdump]-arch/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c "yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel"

Select one or more of these flavors, separated by commas and no spaces, as appropriate. Enter the root password when prompted.

	x86 Kernel Includes Kdump
	Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are now relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel.

	Default Kernel Provides SMP
	There is no separate SMP kernel available for Fedora on i386, x86_64, and ppc64. Multiprocessor support is provided by the native kernel.

	PowerPC Kernel Support
	There is no support for Xen or kdump for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora. 32-bit PowerPC does still have a separate SMP kernel.

9.4. Preparing for Kernel Development

Fedora 9 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in 節 9.3, “Kernel Flavors”.

	Custom Kernel Building
	For information on kernel development and working with custom kernels, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel.

9.5. Reporting Bugs

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

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