1. 藉​由 Fedora 12 的​安​裝​光​碟​、​DVD 或 PXE 來​啟​動​一​項 Fedora 的​互​動​式​安​裝​介​面​。​
2. 完​成​「​選​擇​套​件​」​之​前​的​所​有​步​驟​。​
   
   請​選​擇​「​虛​擬​化​」​套​件​，然​後​點​選​「​立​即​自​訂​」​選​項​。​
3. 選​擇​「​KVM」​套​件​群​組​。​不​要​選​擇​「​虛​擬​化​」​套​件​群​組​。​這​會​選​擇​並​安​裝 KVM hypervisor、​virt-manager、​libvirt 與 virt-viewer。​
   

4. 自​訂​套​件​（視​需​要​而​定​）

   如​果​您​需​要​其​他​的​虛​擬​化​套​件​，請​自​訂​「​虛​擬​化​」​群​組​。​
   
   請​按​下​「​關​閉​」​，然​後​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​安​裝​。​

過程 2.1. 使​用 virt-manager 來​建​立​虛​擬​客​座​端​

1. 若​要​啟​動 virt-manager，請​以 root 身​份​執​行​下​列​指​令​：

   # virt-manager &
   

   virt-manager 指​令​會​開​啟​一​個​新​的​圖​形​化​用​戶​介​面​。​若​您​沒​有 root 權​限​或​沒​有​使​用 sudo 的​話​，許​多​功​能​都​無​法​選​擇​，包​括​新​增​按​鈕​。​如​此​一​來​您​將​無​法​建​立​新​的​虛​擬​機​器​。​
2. 開​啟​檔​案 -> 開​啟​連​線​。​以​下​的​對​話​視​窗​會​出​現​。​請​選​擇 hypervisor，然​後​點​選 連​接​按​鈕​：
   
3. virt-manager 視​窗​能​讓​您​建​立​新​的​虛​擬​機​器​。​使​用​新​增​按​鈕​來​建​立​一​部​新​的​客​座​端​。​這​會​開​啟​如​圖​的​精​靈​介​面​。​
   
4. 「​建​立​新​的​虛​擬​系​統​」​視​窗​提​供​了​您​得​提​供​的​資​訊​摘​要​，以​便​建​立​虛​擬​機​器​：
   
   檢​視​安​裝​所​需​的​資​訊​，然​後​點​選​「​下​一​步​」​。​
5. 「​選​擇​虛​擬​化​方​法​」​視​窗​會​出​現​。​請​選​擇​「​半​虛​擬​化​」​或​「​完​整​虛​擬​化​」​。​
   完​整​虛​擬​化​需​要​有 Intel® VT 或 AMD-V 功​能​的​處​理​器​。​如​果​這​兩​種​虛​擬​化​延​伸​功​能​並​不​存​在​，完​整​虛​擬​化​按​鈕​或​啟​用​核​心 / 硬​體​加​速​就​無​法​選​擇​。​如​果 kernel-xen 不​是​正​在​執​行​的​核​心​，半​虛​擬​化​選​項​就​無​法​選​擇​。​
   如​果​您​使​用​的​是 KVM hypervisor，那​就​只​有​完​整​虛​擬​化​功​能​可​以​選​擇​。​
   
   選​擇​虛​擬​化​類​型​，然​後​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​按​鈕​。​
6. 安​裝​媒​介​的​位​置​視​窗​會​詢​問​您​所​選​安​裝​類​型​的​位​置​。​這​視​窗​的​內​容​會​依​據​先​前​步​驟​而​有​所​不​同​。​
   1. 若​要​進​行​半​虛​擬​化​的​安​裝​程​序​，您​需​要​一​個​可​存​取​的​安​裝​樹​，請​使​用​以​下​任​何​一​種​網​路​通​訊​協​定​：HTTP、​FTP 或 NFS。​安​裝​媒​介​的​網​址​必​須​包​含 Fedora 的​安​裝​目​錄​樹​，此​目​錄​樹​乃​透​過​使​用 NFS、​FTP 或 HTTP 所 host 的​。​您​可​使​用​主​電​腦​，或​另​一​個​鏡​像​來​提​供​這​些​網​路​服​務​與​檔​案​。​
      使​用​光​碟​映​像​檔​（附​屬​檔​名​為 .iso）。​掛​載​映​像​檔​之​後​，利​用​以​上​任​何​一​種​通​訊​協​定​來​提​供​檔​案​。​
      此​外​，您​亦​可​藉​由 Fedora 的​鏡​像​複​製​安​裝​目​錄​樹​。​
      
   2. 完​整​虛​擬​化​的​安​裝​程​序​需​要​可​開​機​的​光​碟​片​，或​位​於​本​機​的​映​像​檔​（附​屬​檔​名​為 .iso 或 .img）。​一​般​來​講​，Windows 的​安​裝​程​序​所​使​用​的​是 .iso 檔​案​，Linux 或​類​似 UNIX 的​作​業​系​統​在​使​用​網​路​上​的​安​裝​樹​之​前​，會​使​用 .iso 檔​案​來​安​裝​基​本​系​統​。​
      
   選​擇​了​適​當​的​安​裝​媒​介​後​，點​選​「​下​一​步​」​。​
7. The Assigning storage space window displays. Choose a disk partition, LUN or create a file based image for the guest storage.
   所​有​基​於​檔​案​的​客​座​端​映​像​檔​皆​儲​存​在 /var/lib/xen/images/ 目​錄​中​，這​就​是 Fedora 中​，基​於​檔​案​的​映​像​檔​常​規​。​其​它​目​錄​位​置​皆​會​被 SELinux 所​禁​用​。​若​您​的 SELinux 是​處​於​強​制​（enforcing）模​式​下​，請​參​閱 節 7.1, “SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​” 以​取​得​更​多​有​關​於​安​裝​客​座​端​的​詳​細​資​訊​。​
   Your guest storage image should be larger than the size of the installation, any additional packages and applications, and the size of the guests swap file. The installation process will choose the size of the guest's swap file based on size of the RAM allocated to the guest.
   Allocate extra space if the guest needs additional space for applications or other data. For example, web servers require additional space for log files.
   
   Choose the appropriate size for the guest on your selected storage type and click the Forward button.

   注意

   針​對​於​虛​擬​機​器​映​像​，我​們​建​議​您​使​用​預​設​的​目​錄​，該​目​錄​為 /var/lib/xen/images/。​若​您​使​用​了​一​個​不​同​的​位​置​（比​方​說​在​此​範​例​中​為 /xen/images/），請​確​認​該​位​置​已​被​加​入​至​您​的 SELinux 政​策​中​，並​且​在​繼​續​進​行​安​裝​程​序​之​前​先​將​它​重​新​標​記​（之​後​，在​本​文​件​中​您​將​會​發​現​如​何​修​改​您 SELinux 政​策​的​相​關​資​訊​）。​
8. The Allocate memory and CPU window displays. Choose appropriate values for the virtualized CPUs and RAM allocation. These values affect the host's and guest's performance.
   客​座​端​需​要​足​夠​的​實​體​記​憶​體​，才​能​有​效​率​、​有​效​能​地​執​行​。​請​選​擇​適​合​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​與​應​用​程​式​所​需​的​記​憶​體​大​小​。​大​部​分​作​業​系​統​至​少​需​要 512MB 的​記​憶​體​，才​能​有​效​運​作​。​請​記​得​，客​座​端​使​用​的​是​實​體​記​憶​體​。​執​行​太​多​客​座​端​，或​讓​主​系​統​的​記​憶​體​不​足​，都​會​導​致​大​量​使​用​虛​擬​記​憶​體​（即​硬​碟​置​換​空​間​）。​虛​擬​記​憶​體​的​速​度​較​慢​，會​導​致​系​統​效​能​降​低​、​回​應​變​慢​。​請​確​定​您​為​主​電​腦​與​所​有​客​座​端​，分​配​了​足​夠​的​記​憶​體​，這​樣​才​能​有​效​運​作​。​
   Assign sufficient virtual CPUs for the virtualized guest. If the guest runs a multithreaded application assign the number of virtualized CPUs it requires to run most efficiently. Do not assign more virtual CPUs than there are physical processors (or hyper-threads) available on the host system. It is possible to over allocate virtual processors, however, over allocating has a significant, negative affect on guest and host performance due to processor context switching overheads.
   
9. 至​此​步​驟​，您​將​會​看​見​您​所​輸​入​的​配​置​資​訊​的​摘​要​畫​面​。​請​檢​視​該​資​訊​，並​視​需​要​使​用​「​上​一​步​」​按​鈕​來​進​行​變​更​。​當​您​滿​意​所​輸​入​的​資​料​以​後​，請​按​下​「​完​成​」​按​鈕​，接​著​安​裝​程​序​便​會​開​始​。​
   
   VNC 視​窗​會​開​啟​，顯​示​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​安​裝​程​序​已​經​開​始​。​

1. 建​立​新​的​橋​接​裝​置​

   1. 請​在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 目​錄​裡​建​立​新​的​網​路 script 檔​。​這​範​例​建​立​了​名​為 ifcfg-installation 的​檔​案​，這​檔​案​包​含​了​一​個​名​為 installation 的​橋​接​裝​置​。​

      # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
      # vim ifcfg-installation
      DEVICE=installation
      TYPE=Bridge
      BOOTPROTO=dhcp
      ONBOOT=yes
      

      Warning

      The line, TYPE=Bridge, is case-sensitive. It must have uppercase 'B' and lower case 'ridge'.

   2. 啟動新的橋接裝置。
      # ifup installation
      

   3. 目​前​還​沒​有​其​他​介​面​加​入​這​個​新​的​橋​接​裝​置​。​請​使​用 brctl show 指​令​，來​檢​視​系​統​上​關​於​橋​接​裝​置​的​詳​細​資​料​。​

      # brctl show
      bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
      installation    8000.000000000000       no
      virbr0          8000.000000000000       yes
      

      virbr0 橋​接​裝​置​是 libvirt 的​預​設​橋​接​裝​置​，用​在​預​設​乙​太​網​路​的 NAT（網​路​位​址​轉​譯​）功​能​上​。​

2. 將​介​面​加​至​新​的​橋​接​裝​置​上​

   為​介​面​編​輯​配​置​檔​。​請​使​用​之​前​步​驟​中​建​立​的​橋​接​裝​置​名​稱​，在​配​置​檔​中​新​增 BRIDGE 參​數​。​

   # Intel Corporation Gigabit Network Connection
   DEVICE=eth1
   BRIDGE=installation
   BOOTPROTO=dhcp
   HWADDR=00:13:20:F7:6E:8E
   ONBOOT=yes
   

   編​輯​配​置​檔​案​之​後​，重​新​啟​動​網​路​或​重​新​開​機​。​

   # service network restart
   

   使​用 brctl show 指​令​，來​檢​查​介​面​是​否​已​經​連​上​。​

   # brctl show
   bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
   installation    8000.001320f76e8e       no              eth1
   virbr0          8000.000000000000       yes
   

3. 安​全​配​置​

   Configure iptables to allow all traffic to be forwarded across the bridge.

   # iptables -I FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT
   # service iptables save
   # service iptables restart
   

   Disable iptables on bridges

   Alternatively, prevent bridged traffic from being processed by iptables rules. In /etc/sysctl.conf append the following lines:

   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
   

   Reload the kernel parameters configured with sysctl

   # sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
   

4. 在​安​裝​之​前​重​新​啟​動 libvirt

   Restart the libvirt daemon.

   # service libvirtd reload
   

1. 選​擇 PXE

   選​擇​「​PXE」​作​為​安​裝​方​法​。​
   

2. 選​擇​橋​接​裝​置​

   選​擇​「​共​享​實​體​裝​置​」​，然​後​選​擇​之​前​步​驟​裡​出​現​的​橋​接​裝​置​。​
   

3. 開​始​安​裝​

   安​裝​程​序​已​經​準​備​好​，可​以​啟​動​。​
   

過程 3.1. 半​虛​擬​化​的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 客​座​端​安​裝​程​序​

1. 請​選​擇​語​言​並​按​下​確​定​。​
   
2. 請​選​擇​鍵​盤​格​式​並​按​下​確​定​。​
   
3. 請​指​定​客​座​端​的​網​路​位​址​。​請​選​擇​使​用 DHCP（如​下​所​示​）或​是​靜​態 IP 位​址​：
   
4. 若​您​選​擇​了 DHCP，安​裝​程​序​現​在​將​會​嘗​試​取​得​一​組 IP 位​址​：
   
5. 若​您​為​您​的​客​座​端​選​擇​了​靜​態​的 IP 位​址​，此​提​示​便​會​出​現​。​請​在​客​座​端​的​網​路​作​業​設​定​上​輸​入​詳​細​資​訊​：
   1. 請​輸​入​一​組​有​效​的 IP 位​址​。​請​確​認​您​所​輸​入​的 IP 位​址​可​連​上​含​有​安​裝​樹​的​伺​服​器​。​
   2. 請​輸​入​一​組​有​效​的​子​網​路​遮​罩​、​預​設​閘​道​器​和​名​稱​伺​服​器​位​址​。​
   請​選​擇​語​言​並​按​下​確​定​。​
   
6. 下​列​為​一​組​靜​態 IP 位​址​設​定​的​範​例​：
   
7. 安​裝​程​序​現​在​將​會​由​伺​服​器​擷​取​它​所​需​要​的​檔​案​：
   

過程 3.2. 圖​形​化​安​裝​程​序​

1. 請​輸​入​一​組​有​效​的​註​冊​碼​。​若​您​擁​有​一​組​有​效​的 RHN 訂​閱​金​鑰​，請​將​它​輸​入​在​「​安​裝​號​碼​」​欄​位​中​：
   

   Note

   若​您​跳​過​此​步​驟​的​話​，您​可​透​過​使​用 rhn_register 指​令​，在​安​裝​完​成​過​後​確​認​您​的 Red Hat Network 帳​號​詳​情​。​使​用 rhn_register 指​令​將​需​要 root 存​取​權​限​。​

   # rhn_register
   

2. 安​裝​程​序​現​在​會​要​您​確​認​，是​否​希​望​刪​除​要​進​行​安​裝​的​儲​存​裝​置​上​的​資​料​：
   
   請​按​下​「​確​定​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
3. 請​檢​視​儲​存​設​定​和​分​割​區​配​置​。​若​您​希​望​使​用 iSCSI 作​為​客​座​端​儲​存​裝​置​，您​亦​可​選​擇​選​取​進​階​的​儲​存​設​定​：
   
   請​進​行​您​要​的​選​擇​並​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
4. 確​認​您​所​選​用​來​進​行​安​裝​的​儲​存​裝​置​。​
   
   請​按​下​「​確​定​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
5. 設​定​網​路​作​業​以​及​主​機​的​組​態​設​定​。​這​些​設​定​將​會​與​您​先​前​在​安​裝​程​序​中​所​輸​入​的​資​料​集​結​。​請​依​照​需​求​來​更​改​這​些​設​定​：
   
   請​按​下​「​確​定​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
6. 選​擇​適​合​您​環​境​的​適​當​時​區​。​
   
7. 為​您​的​客​座​端​輸​入 root 密​碼​。​
   
   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
8. 請​選​擇​您​要​安​裝​的​軟​體​套​件​。​請​選​擇​「​現​在​自​訂​」​按​鈕​。​您​必​須​在​「​系​統​」​目​錄​中​安​裝 kernel-xen 套​件​。​您​必​須​安​裝 kernel-xen 套​件​才​可​使​用​半​虛​擬​化​。​
   
   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
9. 計​算​相​依​性​和​空​間​需​求​。​
   
10. 當​套​件​的​相​依​性​和​空​間​需​求​都​經​過​驗​證​後​，請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​啟​動​實​際​的​安​裝​。​
    
11. 所​有​選​擇​的​軟​體​套​件​都​會​被​自​動​安​裝​。​
    
12. 安​裝​完​成​後​，請​重​新​啟​動​您​的​客​座​端​：
    
13. 您​新​安​裝​的​客​座​端​不​會​重​新​啟​動​，它​將​會​關​閉​...
    
14. 啟​動​客​座​端​。​當​您​在 節 3.1, “將 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​為​半​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​” 中​使​用 virt-install 時​，客​座​端​的​名​稱​就​已​被​選​取​。​若​您​使​用​了​預​設​的​範​例​，那​麼​這​組​名​稱​便​是 rhel5PV。​
    執​行​：

    virsh reboot rhel5PV
    

    此​外​，您​亦​可​開​啟 virt-manager、​選​擇​您​客​座​端​的​名​稱​、​按​下​「​開​啟​」​，然​後​按​下​「​執​行​」​。​
    現​在​將​會​有​個​顯​示​了​客​座​端​啟​動​程​序​的 VNC 視​窗​出​現​。​
    
    
15. 啟​動​客​座​端​時​將​會​開​啟​First Boot（首​次​啟​動​）的​設​定​畫​面​。​此​精​靈​會​提​示​您​完​成​一​些​客​座​端​的​基​本​組​態​設​定​選​項​。​
    
16. 首​先​請​詳​讀​並​接​受​使​用​條​款​。​
    
    請​按​下​使​用​條​款​視​窗​上​的​「​下​一​步​」​按​鈕​。​
17. 設​定​防​火​牆​。​
    
    Click Forward to continue.
    1. 若​您​選​擇​了​停​用​防​火​牆​並​且​被​提​示​進​行​確​認​的​話​，請​按​下​確​定​來​再​次​確​認​並​繼​續​進​行​。​
       
18. 設​定 SELinux。​我​們​強​烈​建​議​您​讓 SELinux 以​「​強​制​模​式​」​執​行​。​您​可​選​擇​讓 SELinux 以​「​寬​容​模​式​」​來​執​行​或​是​將​它​完​全​停​用​。​
    
    Click Forward to continue.
    1. 若​您​選​擇​停​用 SELinux 的​話​，這​個​警​告​畫​面​便​會​出​現​。​請​按​下​「​確​定​」​來​停​用 SELinux。​
       
19. 視​需​求​啟​用 kdump。​
    
    Click Forward to continue.
20. 請​確​認​您​為​您​的​客​座​端​所​設​的​時​間​與​日​期​是​否​正​確​。​若​您​安​裝​了​一​個​半​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​，時​間​和​日​期​會​和 hypervisor 同​步​化​。​
    
    Click Forward to continue.
21. 設​定​軟​體​更​新​。​若​您​擁​有​一​個 Fedora Network 訂​閱​或​是​希​望​先​試​用​的​話​，您​可​透​過​使​用​以​下​畫​面​來​將​您​新​安​裝​的​客​座​端​註​冊​至 RHN 中​。​
    
    Click Forward to continue.
    1. 請​確​認​您 RHN 的​選​擇​。​
       
    2. 當​設​定​完​成​後​，若​您​在​此​退​出 RHN 的​話​，您​便​會​再​看​見​一​個​畫​面​。​您​將​不​會​收​到​任​何​軟​體​更​新​。​
       
       請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​按​鈕​。​
22. 建​立​一​組​非 root 的​使​用​者​帳​號​。​我​們​建​議​您​建​立​一​組​非 root 的​使​用​者​帳​號​，用​於​一​般​環​境​中​，以​增​加​安​全​性​。​請​輸​入​使​用​者​名​稱​、​名​稱​與​密​碼​。​
    
    請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​按​鈕​。​
23. 若​偵​測​到​了​音​效​裝​置​而​您​需​要​音​效​的​話​，請​進​行​調​整​。​請​完​成​程​序​並​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
    
24. 您​可​由​光​碟​片​來​安​裝​任​何​額​外​的​軟​體​套​件​，您​可​在​此​畫​面​上​進​行​此​步​驟​。​一​般​我​們​不​建​議​在​此​安​裝​任​何​額​外​的​軟​體​，而​是​之​後​再​使​用 yum 來​新​增​軟​體​套​件​。​請​按​下​「​完​成​」​按​鈕​。​
    
25. 客​座​端​現​在​將​會​設​置​任​何​您​改​變​過​的​設​定​並​繼​續​進​行​啟​動​程​序​。​
    
26. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 的​登​入​畫​面​將​會​出​現​。​請​使​用​先​前​步​驟​中​所​建​立​的​使​用​者​名​稱​來​登​入​。​
    
27. 您​現​在​已​成​功​地​安​裝​了​半​虛​擬​化​的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 客​座​端​。​
    

過程 3.3. 請​使​用 virt-manager 來​建​立​一​個​完​整​虛​擬​化​的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 客​座​端​

1. Open virt-manager

   Start virt-manager. Launch the Virtual Machine Manager application from the Applications menu and System Tools submenu. Alternatively, run the virt-manager command as root.

2. Select the hypervisor

   Select the hypervisor. If installed, select Xen or KVM. For this example, select KVM. Note that presently KVM is named qemu.
   若​您​還​未​連​至 hypervisor 的​話​，請​現​在​連​上​。​請​開​啟​「​檔​案​」​選​單​並​選​取​「​新​增​連​線​...」​選​項​。​詳​情​請​參​閱 節 16.1, “開​放​連​線​視​窗​”。​
   一​旦​選​擇​了 hypervisor 的​連​線​後​，您​便​可​使​用​「​新​增​」​按​鈕​了​。​請​按​下​此​「​新​增​」​按​鈕​。​

3. Start the new virtual machine wizard

   Pressing the New button starts the virtual machine creation wizard.

   

   Press Forward to continue.

4. Name the virtual machine

   請​為​您​的​虛​擬​客​座​端​提​供​一​組​名​稱​。​不​可​使​用​標​點​符​號​或​是​空​白​字​元​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

5. Choose a virtualization method

   請​為​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​選​擇​虛​擬​化​方​式​。​請​注​意​，您​只​可​選​擇​一​種​虛​擬​化​方​式​。​若​您​先​前​選​擇​了 KVM 或 Xen 的​話​（步驟 4），您​就​必​須​使​用​您​所​選​擇​的 hypervisor。​此​範​例​使​用​了 KVM hypervisor。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

6. Select the installation method

   請​選​擇​本​機​安​裝​媒​介​（Local install media）來​從​一​片​光​碟​或 ISO 映​像​檔​進​行​安​裝​；選​擇​網​路​安​裝​目​錄​（Network install tree）以​透​過 HTTP、​FTP 或 NFS 伺​服​器​來​進​行​安​裝​；或​是​選​擇​網​路​開​機​（Network boot）來​由​一​個 PXE 伺​服​器​進​行​安​裝​。​
   請​將​「​作​業​系​統​類​型​」​設​為​「​Linux」​並​如​圖​所​示​，將​「​作​業​系​統​類​型​」​設​為​「​Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5」​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

7. Locate installation media

   選​擇 ISO 映​像​檔​位​置​或​是 CD/DVD 光​碟​機​的​位​置​。​此​範​例​使​用​了​一​個 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝 DVD 的 ISO 映​像​檔​。​
   1. Press the Browse button.
   2. 請​尋​找 ISO 檔​案​的​位​置​並​選​取​該 ISO 映​像​檔​。​請​按​下​「​開​啟​」​來​確​認​您​的​選​擇​。​
   3. 檔​案​已​被​選​取​並​準​備​由​此​檔​案​進​行​安​裝​。​

      

      請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

   Image files and SELinux

   當​使​用 ISO 映​像​檔​和​儲​存​裝​置​映​像​時​，我​們​建​議​您​使​用 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​。​任​何​其​它​的​位​置​可​能​將​需​要​額​外​的 SELinux 組​態​設​定​，詳​情​請​參​閱 節 7.1, “SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​”。​

8. Storage setup

   請​指​定​一​個​實​體​儲​存​裝​置​（「​區​塊​裝​置​」​）或​是​基​於​檔​案​的​映​像​檔​（「​檔​案​」​）。​基​於​檔​案​的​映​像​檔​必​須​儲​存​在 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​中​。​請​為​您​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​指​定​足​夠​的​儲​存​空​間​。​請​為​您​的​虛​擬​客​座​端​以​及​任​何​它​所​需​要​的​應​用​程​式​指​定​足​夠​的​儲​存​空​間​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

   遷​移​此​客​座​端​

   進​行​即​時​與​離​線​遷​移​時​，客​座​端​必​須​安​裝​在​共​享​網​路​儲​存​裝​置​上​。​欲​取​得​更​多​有​關​於​如​何​為​客​座​端​設​定​共​享​儲​存​裝​置​上​的​相​關​資​訊​，請​參​閱 章 5, 共​享​儲​存​裝​置​和​虛​擬​化​。​

9. Network setup

   Select either Virtual network or Shared physical device.
   The virtual network option uses Network Address Translation (NAT) to share the default network device with the virtualized guest. Use the virtual network option for wireless networks.
   The shared physical device option uses a network bond to give the virtualized guest full access to a network device.

   

   Press Forward to continue.

10. Memory and CPU allocation

    The Allocate memory and CPU window displays. Choose appropriate values for the virtualized CPUs and RAM allocation. These values affect the host's and guest's performance.
    Virtualized guests require sufficient physical memory (RAM) to run efficiently and effectively. Choose a memory value which suits your guest operating system and application requirements. Windows Server 2008. Remember, guests use physical RAM. Running too many guests or leaving insufficient memory for the host system results in significant usage of virtual memory and swapping. Virtual memory is significantly slower causing degraded system performance and responsiveness. Ensure to allocate sufficient memory for all guests and the host to operate effectively.
    Assign sufficient virtual CPUs for the virtualized guest. If the guest runs a multithreaded application assign the number of virtualized CPUs it requires to run most efficiently. Do not assign more virtual CPUs than there are physical processors (or hyper-threads) available on the host system. It is possible to over allocate virtual processors, however, over allocating has a significant, negative affect on guest and host performance due to processor context switching overheads.
    

    Press Forward to continue.

11. Verify and start guest installation

    請​驗​證​組​態​設​定​。​

    

    請​按​下​「​完​成​」​來​啟​動​客​座​端​安​裝​程​序​。​

12. 安​裝 Linux

    請​完​成 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​程​序​。​安​裝​程​序​涵​蓋​於​位​於 http://redhat.com/docs 的​《​Red Hat Enterprise Linux 安​裝​指​南​》​中​。​

1. Starting virt-manager

   開​啟​應​用​程​式 > 系​統​工​具 > 虛​擬​機​器​管​理​員​。​連​上​主​機​（按​下​檔​案 > 開​啟​連​線​）。​按​下​「​新​的​」​按​鈕​以​建​立​新​的​虛​擬​機​器​。​

2. 為​虛​擬​系​統​命​名​

   輸​入​「​系​統​名​稱​」​然​後​點​「​下​一​步​」​。​
   

3. 選​擇​虛​擬​化​的​方​法​

   如​果​您​之​前​選​了 KVM 或 Xen（步​驟 步驟 1），您​就​必​須​使​用​之​前​所​選​的 hypervisor。​本​範​例​使​用​了 KVM hypervisor。​
   您​只​能​使​用​完​整​虛​擬​化​來​安​裝 Windows。​
   

4. 選​擇​安​裝​方​法​

   這​畫​面​能​讓​您​指​定​安​裝​方​法​，以​及​作​業​系​統​的​類​型​。​
   要​用​光​碟​片​安​裝​，請​選​擇 Windows 安​裝​光​碟​所​在​的​裝​置​。​如​果​您​選​擇 「​ISO 映​像​檔​位​置​」​，請​輸​入 Windows 安​裝​映​像​檔​（.iso）的​路​徑​。​
   在​「​作​業​系​統​類​型​」​選​單​，選​擇​「​Windows」​，然​後​從​「​作​業​系​統​種​類​」​裡​，選​擇​「​Microsoft Windows XP」​。​
   此​章​節​中​不​涵​蓋 PXE 的​安​裝​程​序​。​
   
   Press Forward to continue.

   Image files and SELinux

   當​使​用 ISO 映​像​檔​和​儲​存​裝​置​映​像​時​，我​們​建​議​您​使​用 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​。​任​何​其​它​的​位​置​可​能​需​要​經​過​額​外​的 SELinux 組​態​設​定​，詳​情​請​參​閱 節 7.1, “SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​”。​
5. The Assigning storage space window displays. Choose a disk partition, LUN or create a file based image for the guest storage.
   所​有​基​於​檔​案​的​客​座​端​映​像​檔​皆​儲​存​在 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​中​，這​就​是 Fedora 中​，基​於​檔​案​的​映​像​檔​的​常​規​。​其​它​目​錄​皆​會​被 SELinux 所​禁​用​。​如​果​您​的 SELinux 是​處​於​強​制​（enforcing）模​式​，請​參​閱 節 7.1, “SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​” 以​取​得​安​裝​客​座​端​的​詳​細​資​訊​。​
   Your guest storage image should be larger than the size of the installation, any additional packages and applications, and the size of the guests swap file. The installation process will choose the size of the guest's swap file based on size of the RAM allocated to the guest.
   Allocate extra space if the guest needs additional space for applications or other data. For example, web servers require additional space for log files.
   
   Choose the appropriate size for the guest on your selected storage type and click the Forward button.

   注意

   針​對​於​虛​擬​機​器​映​像​，我​們​建​議​您​使​用​預​設​的​目​錄​，該​目​錄​為 /var/lib/libvirt/images/。​若​您​使​用​了​一​個​不​同​的​位​置​（比​方​說​在​此​範​例​中​為 /images/），請​確​認​該​位​置​已​被​加​入​至​您​的 SELinux 政​策​中​並​且​在​繼​續​進​行​安​裝​程​序​之​前​先​將​它​重​新​標​記​（之​後​，在​本​文​件​中​您​將​會​發​現​如​何​修​改​您 SELinux 政​策​的​相​關​資​訊​）。​

6. Network setup

   Select either Virtual network or Shared physical device.
   The virtual network option uses Network Address Translation (NAT) to share the default network device with the virtualized guest. Use the virtual network option for wireless networks.
   The shared physical device option uses a network bond to give the virtualized guest full access to a network device.

   

   Press Forward to continue.
7. The Allocate memory and CPU window displays. Choose appropriate values for the virtualized CPUs and RAM allocation. These values affect the host's and guest's performance.
   虛​擬​化​客​座​端​需​要​足​夠​的​記​憶​體​，才​能​有​效​率​地​執​行​。​請​選​擇​符​合​客​座​端​系​統​與​應​用​程​式​的​記​憶​體​大​小​。​請​記​得​，客​座​端​使​用​的​是​實​體​記​憶​體​。​執​行​太​多​客​座​端​，或​讓​主​系​統​的​剩​餘​記​憶​體​量​太​少​，都​會​導​致​大​量​使​用​虛​擬​記​憶​體​與​記​憶​體​置​換​。​虛​擬​記​憶​體​的​速​度​慢​，會​導​致​系​統​效​能​降​低​，回​應​變​慢​。​請​確​定​您​為​所​有​客​座​端​與​主​機​分​配​了​足​夠​的​記​憶​體​，好​讓​運​作​更​有​效​率​。​
   Assign sufficient virtual CPUs for the virtualized guest. If the guest runs a multithreaded application assign the number of virtualized CPUs it requires to run most efficiently. Do not assign more virtual CPUs than there are physical processors (or hyper-threads) available on the host system. It is possible to over allocate virtual processors, however, over allocating has a significant, negative affect on guest and host performance due to processor context switching overheads.
   
8. 在​安​裝​繼​續​進​行​前​，您​將​會​看​見​摘​要​畫​面​。​請​按​下​「​完​成​」​來​繼​續​進​行​客​座​端​的​安​裝​程​序​：
   
9. 因​為​您​需​要​選​擇​硬​體​，因​此​您​必​須​在​安​裝​啟​動​後​快​速​地​開​啟​一​個​主​控​台​視​窗​。​當​您​按​下​了​「​完​成​」​之​後​，請​切​換​到 virt-manager 的​摘​要​視​窗​，並​選​擇​您​新​啟​動​的 Windows 客​座​端​。​請​按​兩​下​系​統​名​稱​，這​之​後​會​開​啟​一​個​主​控​台​視​窗​。​請​快​速​地​按​下 F5 來​選​擇​一​個​新​的 HAL，當​您​看​見​了 Windows 安​裝​程​序​中​的​對​話​窗​格​，請​選​擇 Generic i486 Platform分​頁​（您​可​透​過​使​用​上​下​鍵​來​瀏​覽​選​項​）。​
   
10. 安​裝​程​序​會​像​其​它​任​何​標​準 Windows 安​裝​程​序​一​般​地​進​行​。​
    
    
11. 在​系​統​提​示​時​，為​硬​碟​製​作​分​割​區​。​
    
    
12. 硬​碟​被​格​式​化​後​，Windows 便​會​開​始​將​檔​案​複​製​至​硬​碟​上​。​
    
    
13. 檔​案​複​製​到​儲​存​裝​置​上​之​後​，Windows 會​重​新​啟​動​。​
    
14. 重​新​啟​動 Windows 客​座​端​：

    # virsh start WindowsGuest
    

    其​中 WindowsGuest 是​虛​擬​機​器​的​名​稱​。​
15. 主​控​台​視​窗​出​現​時​，您​會​看​到​安​裝 Windows 的​設​定​階​段​。​
    
16. 若​您​的​安​裝​程​序​在​設​定​階​段​看​似​卡​住​的​話​，您​可​透​過 virsh reboot WindowsGuestName 指​令​來​將​虛​擬​機​器​重​新​啟​動​。​這​一​般​會​使​安​裝​程​序​繼​續​進​行​。​當​您​重​新​啟​動​虛​擬​機​器​時​，您​將​會​看​見​一​則 Setup is being restarted 的​訊​息​：
    
17. 設​定​完​成​後​，您​將​會​看​見 Windows 的​啟​動​畫​面​：
    
18. 現​在​，您​可​繼​續​進​行​您 Windows 安​裝​程​序​的​標​準​設​定​：
    
19. 設​定​過​程​已​經​完​成​，畫​面​會​顯​示 Windows 桌​面​。​
    

1. 請​使​用 virt-install 來​安​裝 Windows Server 2003，Windows 客​座​端​的​主​控​台​會​開​啟 virt-viewer 視​窗​。​使​用 virt-install 來​安​裝 Windows Server 2003 客​座​端​的​範​例​為​：
   使​用 virt-install 指​令​來​安​裝​。​

   # virt-install -hvm -s 5 -f /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows2003spi1.dsk \
   -n windows2003sp1 -cdrom=/ISOs/WIN/en_windows_server_2003_sp1.iso  \
   -vnc -r 1024
   

2. 一​旦​客​座​端​進​入​安​裝​程​序​後​，您​需​要​趕​快​按​下 F5。​如​果​您​沒​有​在​一​定​時​間​內​按​下 F5，您​必​須​重​新​啟​動​安​裝​程​序​。​按​下 F5 之​後​，您​可​以​則​不​同​的​「​HAL」​或​「​電​腦​類​型​」​。​請​選​擇​「​標​準 PC」​作​為​您​的​電​腦​類​型​，這​是​唯​一​所​需​要​的​非​標​準​步​驟​。​
   
3. 完​成​其​他​的​安​裝​步​驟​。​
   
   
   
4. Windows 2003 現​在​已​經​被​安​裝​為​完​整​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​。​

過程 3.4. 使​用 virt-manager 來​安​裝 Windows Server 2008

1. Open virt-manager

   Start virt-manager. Launch the Virtual Machine Manager application from the Applications menu and System Tools submenu. Alternatively, run the virt-manager command as root.

2. Select the hypervisor

   Select the hypervisor. If installed, select Xen or KVM. For this example, select KVM. Note that presently KVM is named qemu.
   選​取​好​選​項​後​，「​新​的​」​按​鈕​就​會​變​成​可​點​選​狀​態​。​請​按​下​「​新​的​」​按​鈕​。​

3. Start the new virtual machine wizard

   Pressing the New button starts the virtual machine creation wizard.

   

   Press Forward to continue.

4. Name the virtual machine

   提​供​虛​擬​客​座​端​的​名​稱​，標​點​符​號​與​空​白​字​元​是​不​被​允​許​的​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

5. Choose a virtualization method

   請​為​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​選​擇​虛​擬​化​方​法​。​請​注​意​，您​只​能​選​擇​一​種​已​安​裝​在​電​腦​上​的​虛​擬​化​方​法​。​如​果​您​之​前​在​步​驟​二​中​，選​擇​了 KVM 或 Xen，您​就​必​須​使​用​所​選​的 hypervisor。​這​範​例​使​用​了 KVM hypervisor。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

6. Select the installation method

   對​於​所​有​的 Windows 版​本​，您​必​須​使​用​「​本​地​安​裝​媒​體​」​，也​就​是 ISO 映​像​檔​或​實​際​的​光​碟​片​。​
   如​果​您​有 PXE 伺​服​器​，也​安​裝​了 Windows 的​網​路​安​裝​功​能​，PXE 就​可​以​運​作​。​使​用 PXE 來​安​裝 Windows 並​不​包​含​在​本​手​冊​中​。​
   將​「​作​業​系​統​類​型​」​設​為​「​Windows」​；「​作​業​系​統​種​類​」​設​為​「​Microsoft Windows 2008」​，如​圖​所​示​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

7. Locate installation media

   選​擇 ISO 映​像​檔​的​位​置​，或​光​碟​機​。​這​範​例​使​用​的​是 Windows Server 2008 安​裝​光​碟​的 ISO 映​像​檔​。​
   1. Press the Browse button.
   2. 搜​尋 ISO 檔​案​的​位​置​，然​後​選​擇​這​檔​案​。​

      

      按​下​「​開​啟​」​來​確​定​您​的​選​擇​。​
   3. 這​檔​案​已​經​被​選​取​，可​以​用​來​安​裝​。​

      

      請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

   Image files and SELinux

   對​於 ISO 映​像​檔​與​儲​存​映​像​檔​來​說​，我​們​建​議​您​放​在 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​中​。​任​何​其​它​位​置​都​需​要​經​過​額​外​設​定 SELinux，詳​情​請​參​閱 節 7.1, “SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​”。​

8. Storage setup

   指​定​實​體​的​儲​存​裝​置​（區​塊​裝​置​）或​檔​案​類​型​的​映​像​檔​（檔​案​）。​後​者​必​須​儲​存​在 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目​錄​裡​。​請​為​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​與​其​所​需​的​應​用​程​式​，指​定​足​夠​的​儲​存​空​間​。​

   

   請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​

9. Network setup

   Select either Virtual network or Shared physical device.
   The virtual network option uses Network Address Translation (NAT) to share the default network device with the virtualized guest. Use the virtual network option for wireless networks.
   The shared physical device option uses a network bond to give the virtualized guest full access to a network device.

   

   Press Forward to continue.

10. Memory and CPU allocation

    The Allocate memory and CPU window displays. Choose appropriate values for the virtualized CPUs and RAM allocation. These values affect the host's and guest's performance.
    Virtualized guests require sufficient physical memory (RAM) to run efficiently and effectively. Choose a memory value which suits your guest operating system and application requirements. Windows Server 2008. Remember, guests use physical RAM. Running too many guests or leaving insufficient memory for the host system results in significant usage of virtual memory and swapping. Virtual memory is significantly slower causing degraded system performance and responsiveness. Ensure to allocate sufficient memory for all guests and the host to operate effectively.
    Assign sufficient virtual CPUs for the virtualized guest. If the guest runs a multithreaded application assign the number of virtualized CPUs it requires to run most efficiently. Do not assign more virtual CPUs than there are physical processors (or hyper-threads) available on the host system. It is possible to over allocate virtual processors, however, over allocating has a significant, negative affect on guest and host performance due to processor context switching overheads.
    

    Press Forward to continue.

11. Verify and start guest installation

    檢​查​設​定​。​

    

    請​按​下​「​完​成​」​按​鈕​，來​啟​動​客​座​端​的​安​裝​程​序​。​

12. 安​裝 Windows

    

    完​成 Windows Server 2008 的​安​裝​步​驟​。​這​安​裝​步​驟​並​不​包​含​在​本​手​冊​中​。​請​參​閱​微​軟​的​文​件​，以​得​知​安​裝 Windows 的​相​關​資​訊​。​

1. 請​藉​由​在​運​作​中​的​客​座​端​上​執​行 virsh 指​令​，來​為​您​的​客​座​端​映​像​檔​建​立 XML 配​置​檔​案​。​

   # virsh dumpxml rhel5FV > rhel5FV.xml
   

   這​會​將​配​置​設​定​儲​存​為​一​個 XML 檔​案​，並​且​該​檔​案​能​被​編​輯​來​自​訂​化​客​座​端​所​使​用​的​作​業​與​裝​置​。​欲​取​得​更​多​有​關​於​使​用 virsh XML 配​置​檔​案​上​的​相​關​資​訊​，請​參​閱 章 18, 建​立​自​訂​化​的 libvirt script。​
2. 為​客​座​端​建​立​磁​碟​片​映​像​。​

   # dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel5FV-floppy.img bs=512 count=2880
   

3. 請​附​加​下​列​內​容​至​您​客​座​端​的​組​態​設​定 XML 檔​案​中​，並​進​行​適​當​的​修​改​。​此​範​例​會​建​立​一​個​含​有​磁​碟​片​裝​置​的​客​座​端​，來​作​為​基​於​檔​案​的​虛​擬​裝​置​。​

   <disk type='file' device='floppy'>
           <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel5FV-floppy.img'/>
           <target dev='fda'/>
   </disk>
   

4. 停​用​客​座​端​。​

   # virsh stop rhel5FV
   

5. 透​過​使​用 XML 配​置​檔​案​來​重​新​啟​動​客​座​端​。​

   # virsh create rhel5FV.xml
   

1. 建​立​一​個​空​的​容​器​檔​案​或​使​用​現​有​的​檔​案​容​器​（例​如 ISO 檔​案​）。​
   1. 請​使​用 dd 指​令​來​建​立​一​個 sparse 檔​案​。​基​於​資​料​完​整​性​以​及​效​能​上​的​考​量​，我​們​不​建​議​您​使​用 sparse 檔​案​。​Sparse 檔​案​可​快​速​地​建​立​，並​且​可​被​使​用​來​進​行​測​試​，不​過​不​該​使​用​於​生​產​環​境​中​。​

      # dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FileName.img bs=1M seek=4096 count=0
      

   2. 建​議​使​用​非 sparse、​預​先​分​配​的​檔​案​，來​作​為​基​於​檔​案​的​儲​存​容​器​。​若​要​建​立​非 sparse 的​檔​案​，請​執​行​：

      # dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FileName.img bs=1M count=4096
      

   這​兩​項​指​令​皆​會​建​立​一​個 400MB 的​檔​案​，並​且​可​用​來​作​為​虛​擬​客​座​端​的​額​外​儲​存​裝​置​。​
2. 傾​印​客​座​端​的​設​定​。​在​此​範​例​中​，客​座​端​稱​為 Guest1 並​且​檔​案​儲​存​在​使​用​者​的​家​目​錄​中​。​

   # virsh dumpxml Guest1 > ~/Guest1.xml
   

3. 請​以​文​字​編​輯​器​開​啟​配​置​檔​案​（在​此​範​例​中​為 Guest1.xml），並​尋​找​以​「​disk=」​作​為​起​始​的​項​目​。​此​項​目​會​看​似​：

   >disk type='file' device='disk'<
           >driver name='tap' type='aio'/<
           >source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/Guest1.img'/<
           >target dev='xvda'/<
   >/disk<
   

4. 您​可​透​過​修​改 disk= 項​目​的​結​尾​部​份​來​新​增​額​外​的​儲​存​裝​置​。​請​確​認​您​已​為​虛​擬​區​塊​裝​置​指​定​了​一​組​在​該​配​置​檔​案​中​未​被​使​用​的​裝​置​名​稱​。​下​列​範​例​項​目​會​新​增​一​個​名​為 FileName.img、​並​用​來​作​為​基​於​檔​案​的​儲​存​容​器​的​檔​案​：

   >disk type='file' device='disk'<
           >driver name='tap' type='aio'/<
           >source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/Guest1.img'/<
           >target dev='xvda'/<
   >/disk<
   >disk type='file' device='disk'<
           >driver name='tap' type='aio'/<
           >source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/FileName.img'/<
           >target dev='hda'/<
   >/disk<
   

5. 透​過​已​更​新​的​配​置​檔​案​來​重​新​啟​動​客​座​端​。​

   # virsh create Guest1.xml
   

6. 以​下​為 Linux 客​座​端​特​屬​的​步​驟​。​其​它​作​業​系​統​會​以​不​同​的​方​式​來​處​理​新​的​儲​存​裝​置​。​若​您​所​使​用​的​是​非 Linux 的​系​統​，請​參​閱​您​的​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​文​件​。​
   客​座​端​現​在​使​用​了 FileName.img 這​個​檔​案​來​作​為​名​為 /dev/hdb 的​裝​置​。​此​裝​置​需​要​藉​由​客​座​端​來​格​式​化​。​在​客​座​端​上​，請​將​整​個​裝​置​分​割​為​一​個​主​要​分​割​區​，然​後​格​式​化​此​裝​置​。​
   1. 請​按​下 n 來​建​立​新​分​割​區​。​

      # fdisk /dev/hdb
      Command (m for help):
      

   2. 請​按​下 p 來​選​擇​主​要​分​割​區​。​

      Command action
         e   extended
         p   primary partition (1-4)
      

   3. 請​選​擇​可​用​的​分​割​區​號​碼​。​在​此​範​例​中​，第​一​個​分​割​區​可​藉​由​輸​入 1 來​選​取​。​

      分割區號碼（1-4）：1
      

   4. 請​藉​由​按​下 Enter 來​輸​入​預​設​的​第​一​個​磁​柱​。​

      第一個磁柱（1-400、預設 1）：
      

   5. 請​選​擇​分​割​區​的​大​小​。​在​此​範​例​中​，您​可​藉​由​按​下 Enter 來​分​配​整​個​磁​碟​。​

      最後的磁柱或是 +size 或 +sizeM 或 +sizeK（2-400，預設 400）：
      

   6. 請​藉​由​按​下 t 來​設​定​分​割​區​類​型​。​

      Command (m for help): t
      

   7. 請​選​擇​您​在​先​前​步​驟​中​所​建​立​的​分​割​區​。​在​此​範​例​中​為​分​割​區 1。​

      分割區號碼（1-4）：1
      

   8. Linux 分​割​區​請​輸​入 83。​

      Hex code（輸入 L 來列出編碼）：83
      

   9. 將​變​更​寫​入​磁​碟​並​退​出​。​

      Command (m for help): w 
      Command (m for help): q
      

   10. 透​過 ext3 檔​案​系​統​來​格​式​化​新​的​分​割​區​。​

       # mke2fs -j /dev/hdb
       

7. 將​磁​碟​掛​載​在​客​座​端​上​。

   # mount /dev/hdb1 /myfiles
   

過程 4.1. 新​增​實​體​區​塊​裝​置​至​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​上​

1. 將​硬​碟​裝​置​實​體​連​接​至​主​機​上​。​如​果​預​設​上​，該​磁​碟​無​法​被​存​取​的​話​，請​設​定​主​機​。​
2. 請​視​需​求​透​過 multipath 來​設​定​裝​置​以​及​主​機​上​的​一​致​性​。​
3. 請​使​用 virsh attach 指​令​。​請​將 myguest 取​代​為​您​客​座​端​的​名​稱​，將 /dev/hdb1 取​代​為​欲​新​增​的​裝​置​，並​將 hdc 取​代​為​裝​置​在​客​座​端​上​的​位​置​。​hdc 必​須​是​一​組​未​被​使​用​的​裝​置​名​稱​。​若​是 Windows 客​座​端​的​話​請​使​用 hd* 標​記​，客​座​端​將​可​正​確​地​辨​識​裝​置​。​
   若​是 CD-ROM 或 DVD 裝​置​的​話​，請​附​加 --type hdd 參​數​至​指​令​。​
   若​是​磁​碟​片​裝​置​的​話​，請​附​加 --type floppy 參​數​至​指​令​。​

   # virsh attach-disk myguest /dev/hdb1 hdc --driver tap --mode readonly
   

4. 客​座​端​現​在​在 Linux 或 D: 槽​（在 Windows 上​）已​有​了​一​個​名​為 /dev/hdb 的​新​硬​碟​裝​置​。​此​裝​置​可​能​會​需​要​格​式​化​。​

1. 編​輯 /etc/scsi_id.config 檔​案​。​
   1. 請​確​認 options=-b 一​行​已​被​標​為​註​解​。

      # options=-b
      

   2. 新​增​下​列​一​行​：

      options=-g
      

      此​選​項​可​將 udev 設​定​為​假​設​所​有​連​接​的 SCSI 裝​置​都​會​回​傳​一​組 UUID。​
2. 若​要​顯​示​某​個​裝​置​的 UUID，請​執​行 scsi_id -g -s /block/sd* 這​項​指​令​。​例​如​：

   # scsi_id -g -s /block/sd*
   3600a0b800013275100000015427b625e
   

   輸​出​可​能​會​和​上​述​範​例​有​所​不​同​。​輸​出​顯​示​了 /dev/sdc 裝​置​的 UUID。​
3. 請​驗​證​透​過 scsi_id -g -s /block/sd* 指​令​所​得​到​的 UUID 輸​出​與​存​取​該​裝​置​的​電​腦​的 UUID 是​相​同​的​。​
4. 建​立​一​項​裝​置​命​名​上​的​規​則​。​請​在 /etc/udev/rules.d 目​錄​中​建​立​一​個​名​為 20-names.rules 的​檔​案​。​請​將​新​的​規​則​新​增​至​此​檔​案​中​。​所​有​規​則​都​會​以​相​同​的​格​式​被​附​加​至​相​同​的​檔​案​中​。​規​則​的​格​式​如​下​：

   KERNEL="sd*", BUS="scsi", PROGRAM="/sbin/scsi_id -g -s", RESULT=UUID, NAME=devicename
   

   請​將 UUID 和 devicename 取​代​為​以​上​所​取​得​的 UUID，以​及​裝​置​的​名​稱​。​以​下​為​上​述​範​例​的​規​則​：

   KERNEL="sd*", BUS="scsi", PROGRAM="/sbin/scsi_id -g -s", RESULT="3600a0b800013275100000015427b625e", NAME="rack4row16"
   

   udev daemon 現​在​會​為​規​則​中​的 UUID 搜​尋​所​有​名​為 /dev/sd* 的​裝​置​。​一​旦​符​合​的​裝​置​連​上​了​系​統​，該​裝​置​就​會​被​分​配​來​自​於​規​則​中​的​名​稱​。​UUID 為 3600a0b800013275100000015427b625e 的​裝​置​將​會​被​顯​示​為 /dev/rack4row16。​
5. 將​此​行​附​加​至 /etc/rc.local：

   /sbin/start_udev
   

6. 請​將 /etc/scsi_id.config、​/etc/udev/rules.d/20-names.rules 和 /etc/rc.local 檔​案​中​的​變​更​複​製​至​所​有​相​關​的​主​機​上​。​

   /sbin/start_udev
   

過程 7.1. 在​啟​用​了 SELinux 的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​上​建​立​與​掛​載​邏​輯​卷​冊​

1. 建​立​邏​輯​卷​冊​。​此​範​例​在​名​為 volumegroup 的​卷​冊​群​組​上​建​立​了​一​個 5GB 的​邏​輯​卷​冊​，名​為 NewVolumeName。​

   # lvcreate -n NewVolumeName -L 5G volumegroup
   

2. 請​以​支​援​延​伸​屬​性​的​檔​案​系​統​（例​如 ext3）來​格​式​化 NewVolumeName 邏​輯​卷​冊​。​

   # mke2fs -j /dev/volumegroup/NewVolumeName
   

3. 建​立​新​目​錄​來​掛​載​新​的​邏​輯​卷​冊​。​此​目​錄​能​夠​位​於​您​檔​案​系​統​中​的​任​何​位​置​上​。​建​議​您​不​要​將​它​放​置​在​重​要​的​系​統​目​錄​中​（/etc、​/var、​/sys）或​是​家​目​錄​中​（/home 或 /root）。​此​範​例​使​用​了​一​個​名​為 /virtstorage 的​目​錄​。​

   # mkdir /virtstorage
   

4. 掛​載​邏​輯​卷​冊​。​

   # mount /dev/volumegroup/NewVolumeName /virtstorage
   

5. 為 Xen 資​料​夾​設​置​正​確​的 SELinux 類​型​。​

   semanage fcontext -a -t xen_image_t "/virtualization(/.*)?"
   

   另​外​，請​為 KVM 資​料​夾​設​置​正​確​的 SELinux 類​型​。​

   semanage fcontext -a -t virt_image_t "/virtualization(/.*)?"
   

   若​使​用​了​目​標​政​策​（目​標​政​策​為​預​設​政​策​）的​話​，這​項​指​令​便​會​附​加​一​行​至 /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.local 檔​案​中​，這​將​可​保​留​變​更​的​一​致​性​。​附​加​的​一​行​看​似​：

   /virtstorage(/.*)?    system_u:object_r:xen_image_t:s0
   

6. 請​執​行​這​項​指​令​來​將​掛​載​點​（/virtstorage）的​類​型​、​以​及​它​之​下​的​所​有​檔​案​更​改​為 xen_image_t（restorecon 和 setfiles 會​讀​取 /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/ 中​的​檔​案​）。​

   # restorecon -R -v /virtualization
   

1. 下​載​驅​動​程​式​

   這​些​驅​動​程​式​亦​可​藉​由 Microsoft（windowsservercatalog.com）取​得​。​
   virtio-win 套​件​會​在 /usr/share/virtio-win/ 目​錄​中​安​裝​一​個​光​碟​映​像​檔 virtio-win.iso。​

2. 安​裝​半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​

   我​們​建​議​您​在​附​加​或​修​改​某​個​裝​置​，以​使​用​半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​前​，先​在​客​座​端​上​安​裝​驅​動​程​式​。​
   對​於​儲​存​區​塊​裝​置​的 root 檔​案​系​統​、​或​是​其​它​啟​動​客​座​端​所​需​的​區​塊​裝​置​來​說​，在​修​改​裝​置​之​前​必​須​先​安​裝​驅​動​程​式​。​若​驅​動​程​式​未​安​裝​在​客​座​端​上​並​且​驅​動​程​式​被​設​為 virtio 驅​動​程​式​的​話​，客​座​端​將​無​法​啟​動​。​

過程 9.1. 若​是 Windows 客​座​端​的​話​請​使​用 virt-manager 來​掛​載​光​碟​映​像​檔​。​

1. 開​啟 virt-manager，由​虛​擬​機​器​清​單​中​選​擇​您​的​虛​擬​客​座​端​，並​按​下​「​詳​細​資​訊​」​按​鈕​。​
2. 請​在​「​詳​細​資​訊​」​面​板​中​點​選​「​新​增​」​按​鈕​。​
3. 這​會​開​啟​一​個​用​來​新​增​裝​置​的​精​靈​視​窗​。​請​由​下​拉​式​選​單​中​選​取​「​儲​存​裝​置​」​，然​後​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。

   
4. 選​擇​「​檔​案​（磁​碟​映​像​檔​）」​選​項​並​設​定​半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式 .iso 檔​案​的​檔​案​位​置​。​若​您​使​用​了 yum 來​安​裝​這​些​半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​套​件​的​話​，.iso 檔​案​的​位​置​就​會​是 /usr/share/xenpv-win。​
   若​驅​動​程​式​為​實​體​光​碟​的​話​，請​使​用​「​一​般​磁​碟​分​割​」​選​項​。​
   將​「​裝​置​類​型​」​設​為​「​IDE 光​碟​機​」​，並​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。

   
5. 磁​碟​已​被​分​配​，一​旦​客​座​端​啟​動​時​便​可​使​用​於​客​座​端​上​。​請​按​下​「​完​成​」​來​關​閉​精​靈​，或​按​下​「​上​一​步​」​來​進​行​任​何​修​正​。

   

• 在​第​一​次​安​裝 Windows VM 時​，請​使​用 run-once（單​次​執​行​）選​單​來​將 viostor.vfd 附​加​為​一​片​磁​碟​片​。​

  1. Windows Server 2003

     當 windows 提​示​您​按​下 F6 來​選​擇​第​三​方​驅​動​程​式​時​，請​按​下 F6，並​依​照​畫​面​上​的​步​驟​進​行​。​

  2. Windows Server 2008

     當​安​裝​程​式​提​示​您​選​擇​驅​動​程​式​時​，請​點​選​「​載​入​驅​動​程​式​」​，將​安​裝​程​式​指​向 A: 並​選​取​適​合​您​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​與​架​構​的​驅​動​程​式​。​

1. 以​下​為​一​個​使​用​了​虛​擬​化 IDE 驅​動​程​式​、​基​於​檔​案​的​區​塊​裝​置​。​這​是​個​不​使​用​半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​的​典​型​項​目​。​

   <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/disk1.img'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
   </disk>
   

2. 藉​由​將 bus= 項​目​更​改​為 virtio 來​使​用​半​虛​擬​化​裝​置​。​

   <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/disk1.img'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='virtio'/>
   </disk>
   

1. 請​透​過​點​選 virt-manager 中​的​客​座​端​名​稱​，來​開​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​。​
2. 開​啟​「​硬​體​」​分​頁​。​
3. 按​下​「​新​增​硬​體​」​按​鈕​。​
4. 請​在​「​新​增​虛​擬​硬​體​」​分​頁​中​，點​選​「​儲​存​裝​置​」​或​「​網​路​」​來​作​為​裝​置​類​型​。​
   1. 新​磁​碟​裝​置​
      請​選​擇​儲​存​裝​置​或​基​於​檔​案​的​映​像​檔​。​請​選​擇​「​Virtio 磁​碟​」​來​作​為​「​裝​置​類​型​」​並​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
      
   2. 新​網​路​裝​置​
      請​選​擇​「​虛​擬​網​路​」​或​「​共​享​實​體​裝​置​」​。​請​選​擇​「​virtio」​來​作​為​「​裝​置​類​型​」​並​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
      
5. 請​按​下​「​完​成​」​來​儲​存​裝​置​。​
   
6. 請​重​新​啟​動​客​座​端​。​裝​置​可​能​要​在​重​新​啟​用​後​，Windows 客​座​端​才​可​辨​識​。​

1. 匯​出​您​的 libvirt 映​像​檔​目​錄​

   請​將​預​設​映​像​檔​目​錄​新​增​至 /etc/exports 檔​案​中​：

   /var/lib/libvirt/images *.bne.redhat.com(rw,no_root_squash,async)
   

   依​照​您​的​環​境​需​求​更​改​主​機​參​數​。​

2. 啟​用 NFS

   1. 若 NFS 套​件​還​未​安​裝​的​話​便​將​它​安​裝​：

      # yum install nfs
      

   2. 在 iptables 中​開​啟 NFS 的​連​接​埠​，並​將 NFS 新​增​至 /etc/hosts.allow 檔​案​中​。​
   3. 啟​用 NFS 服​務​：

      # service nfs start
      

3. 將​共​享​儲​存​裝​置​掛​載​在​目​標​系​統​上​

   在​目​標​系​統​上​掛​載 /var/lib/libvirt/images 目​錄​：

   # mount sourceURL:/var/lib/libvirt/images /var/lib/libvirt/images
   

   來​源​與​目​的​地​上​的​位​置​必​須​是​相​同​的​

   無​論​為​客​座​端​選​擇​了​哪​個​目​錄​，在​主​機​與​客​座​端​上​都​必​須​是​相​同​的​。​對​於​所​有​類​型​的​共​享​儲​存​裝​置​都​必​須​是​如​此​。​目​錄​必​須​是​相​同​的​，否​則​遷​移​將​會​失​敗​。​

1. 驗​證​客​座​端​是​否​正​在​運​作​

   請​由​來​源​系​統 test1.bne.redhat.com 上​驗​證 CentOS4test 是​否​正​在​運​作​：

   [root@test1 ~]# virsh list
   Id Name                 State
   ----------------------------------
    10 CentOS4                running
   

2. 遷​移​客​座​端​

   執​行​下​列​指​令​來​將​客​座​端​即​時​遷​移​至​目​的​地 test2.bne.redhat.com。​請​將 /system 附​加​至​目​標 URL 的​尾​端​來​讓 libvirt 知​道​您​需​要​完​整​的​存​取​權​限​。​

   # virsh migrate --live CentOS4test qemu+ssh://test2.bne.redhat.com/system
   

   Once the command is entered you will be prompted for the root password of the destination system.

3. 等​待​

   遷​移​程​序​可​能​會​根​據​客​座​端​的​負​載​和​大​小​而​花​上​一​段​時​間​。​virsh 只​會​回​報​錯​誤​。​客​座​端​會​繼​續​在​來​源​主​機​上​執​行​直​到​完​全​被​遷​移​。​

4. 驗​證​客​座​端​已​到​達​目​標​主​機​

   請​由​目​標​系​統 test2.bne.redhat.com 上​驗​證 CentOS4test 是​否​有​在​運​作​：

   [root@test2 ~]# virsh list
   Id Name                 State
   ----------------------------------
    10 CentOS4                running
   

1. 連​至​來​源​與​目​標​主​機​。​請​在​「​檔​案​」​選​單​上​選​取​「​新​增​連​線​」​，接​著​「​新​增​連​線​」​視​窗​便​會​出​現​。​
   請​輸​入​下​列​資​訊​：
   • Hypervisor：選​擇 「​QEMU」​。​
   • 連​線​：選​擇​連​線​類​型​。​
   • 主​機​名​稱​：輸​入​主​機​名​稱​。​
   點​選​「​連​線​」​。​
   
   虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​將​會​顯​示​已​連​接​的​主​機​列​表​。​
   
2. 新​增​一​個​含​有​與​來​源​與​目​標​主​機​相​同 NFS 的​儲​存​裝​置 pool。​
   請​在​「​編​輯​」​選​單​上​點​選​「​主​機​詳​細​資​訊​」​，接​著​主​機​詳​細​資​訊​的​視​窗​便​會​出​現​。​
   請​點​選​「​儲​存​裝​置​」​分​頁​。​
   
3. 新​增​儲​存​裝​置 pool。​請​點​選​位​於​視​窗​的​左​下​角​的​「​+」​按​鈕​。​接​著​「​新​增​儲​存​裝​置 Pool」​的​視​窗​便​會​出​現​。​
   請​輸​入​下​列​資​訊​：
   • 名​稱​：輸​入​儲​存​裝​置 pool 的​名​稱​。​
   • 類​型​：選​擇​「​netfs：網​路​匯​出​目​錄​」​。​
   
   點​選​「​下​一​步​」​。​
4. 請​輸​入​下​列​資​訊​：
   • 格​式​：選​擇​儲​存​裝​置​類​型​。​若​是​即​時​遷​移​的​話​，這​必​須​是 NFS 或​是 iSCSI。​
   • 主​機​名​稱​：輸​入​儲​存​裝​置​伺​服​器​的 IP 位​址​或​完​整​網​域​名​稱​。​
   
   點​選​「​完​成​」​。​
5. 在​共​享​儲​存​裝​置 pool 中​建​立​新​卷​冊​，請​點​選​「​新​建​卷​冊​」​。​
   
6. 請​輸​入​詳​細​資​料​並​按​下​「​建​立​卷​冊​」​。​
   
7. 以​新​建​的​卷​冊​來​建​立​虛​擬​機​器​，然​後​執​行​虛​擬​機​器​。​
   
   虛​擬​主​機​視​窗​將​會​出​現​。​
   
8. 請​在​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​主​視​窗​中​以​滑​鼠​右​鍵​點​選​虛​擬​機​器​、​選​擇​「​遷​移​」​，然​後​點​選​遷​移​位​置​。​
   
9. 點​選​「​是​」​來​確​認​遷​移​。​
   
   虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​會​將​虛​擬​機​器​顯​示​在​它​的​新​位​置​上​。​
   
   虛​擬​主​機​主​視​窗​會​顯​示​新​虛​擬​機​器​的​位​置​。​
   

1. 請​由​檔​案​選​單​中​選​取​復​原​一​部​儲​存​的​主​機​。​
   

   圖形 16.6. 復​原​一​部​虛​擬​主​機​

   
   
2. 復​原​虛​擬​主​機​主​視​窗​將​會​出​現​。​
3. 導​引​至​正​確​的​目​錄​然​後​選​取​已​儲​存​的 session 檔​案​。​
4. 點​選​開​啟​。​

1. 請​在​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​主​視​窗​中​，選​取​您​欲​檢​視​的​虛​擬​主​機​。​
   

   圖形 16.8. 選​取​欲​顯​示​的​虛​擬​主​機

   
   
2. 請​由​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​的​編​輯​選​單​中​選​取​主​機​詳​細​資​料​（或​點​選​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​主​視​窗​下​方​的​詳​細​資​料​按​鈕​）。​
   

   圖形 16.9. 顯​示​虛​擬​主​機​詳​細​資​料​的​選​單​

   
   
   虛​擬​主​機​詳​細​資​料​總​覽​的​視​窗​將​會​出​現​。​這​個​視​窗​總​結​了​您​所​指​定​的​網​域​之 CPU 和​記​憶​體​使​用​率​。​
   

   圖形 16.10. 顯​示​客​座​端​詳​細​資​料​總​覽​

   
   
3. 請​在​虛​擬​主​機​詳​細​資​料​視​窗​上​點​選​硬​體​分​頁​。​
   虛​擬​主​機​硬​體​詳​細​資​料​視​窗​將​會​出​現​。​
   

   圖形 16.11. 顯​示​客​座​端​硬​體​詳​細​資​料

   
   
4. 請​在​硬​體​分​頁​上​點​選​處​理​器​來​檢​視​或​更​改​目​前​的​處​理​器​配​置​。​
   

   圖形 16.12. 處​理​器​配​置​面​板​

   
   
5. 請​在​硬​體​分​頁​上​點​選 記​憶​體​來​檢​視​或​更​改​目​前​的 RAM 記​憶​體​配​置​。​
   

   圖形 16.13. 顯​示​記​憶​體​配​置​

   
   
6. 請​在​硬​體​分​頁​上​點​選​磁​碟​來​檢​視​或​更​改​目​前​的​硬​碟​組​態​設​定​。​
   

   圖形 16.14. 顯​示​磁​碟​的​組​態​設​定​

   
   
7. 請​在​硬​體​分​頁​上​點​選​網​路​來​檢​視​或​更​改​目​前​的​網​路​組​態​設​定​。​
   

   圖形 16.15. 顯​示​網​路​的​組​態​設​定​

   
   

1. 請​由​編​輯​選​單​中​選​取​偏​好​設​定​。​
   

   圖形 16.16. 修​改​客​座​端​上​的​偏​好​設​定​

   
   
   虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​的​偏​好​設​定​視​窗​將​會​出​現​。​
2. 請​在​狀​態​監​控​部​份​的​選​取​方​塊​中​指​定​您​希​望​系​統​進​行​更​新​的​時​間​（以​秒​為​單​位​）。​
   

   圖形 16.17. 設​定​狀​態​監​控​

   
   
3. 請​在​主​控​區​上​指​定​如​何​開​啟​主​控​台​並​指​定​輸​入​裝​置​。​

1. 請​由​檢​視​選​單​中​選​取​網​域 ID 核​取​方​塊​。​
   

   圖形 16.18. 檢​視​客​座​端 ID

   
   
2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​會​將​您​系​統​上​所​有​網​域​的​網​域 ID 列​出​。​
   

   圖形 16.19. 顯​示​網​域 ID

   
   

1. 請​由​檢​視​選​單​中​選​取​狀​態​核​取​方​塊​。​
   

   圖形 16.20. 選​擇​虛​擬​主​機​的​狀​態​

   
   
2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​會​將​您​系​統​上​所​有​虛​擬​主​機​的​狀​態​列​出​。​
   

   圖形 16.21. 顯​示​虛​擬​主​機​的​狀​態​

   
   

1. 請​在​檢​視​選​單​中​選​取​虛​擬 CPU 的​核​取​方​塊​。​
   

   圖形 16.22. 選​擇​虛​擬 CPU 的​選​項​

   
   
2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​會​將​系​統​上​所​有​虛​擬​主​機​的​虛​擬 CPU 列​出​。​
   

   圖形 16.23. 顯​示​虛​擬 CPU

   
   

1. 請​在​檢​視​選​單​中​選​取 CPU 使​用​率​核​取​方​塊​。​
   

   圖形 16.24. 選​擇 CPU 使​用​量​

   
   
2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​會​將​系​統​上​所​有​虛​擬​主​機​的 CPU 使​用​比​率​列​出​。​
   

   圖形 16.25. 顯​示 CPU 使​用​率​

   
   

1. 請​在​檢​視​選​單​中​選​取​記​憶​體​使​用​率​核​取​方​塊​。​
   

   圖形 16.26. 選​擇​記​憶​體​使​用​率​

   
   
2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​員​會​將​系​統​上​所​有​虛​擬​主​機​的​記​憶​體​（以 MB 為​單​位​）使​用​比​率​列​出​。​
   

   圖形 16.27. 顯​示​記​憶​體​使​用​率​

   
   

1. 請​在​編​輯​選​單​中​選​取​主​機​資​料​。​
   

   圖形 16.28. 選​擇​某​個​主​機​的​詳​細​資​料​

   
   
2. 這​將​會​開​啟​主​機​資​料​選​單​。​請​點​選​虛​擬​網​路​分​頁​。​
   

   圖形 16.29. 虛​擬​網​路​組​態​設​定​

   
   
3. 所​有​可​用​的​虛​擬​網​路​都​會​列​在​選​單​左​邊​的​方​塊​上​。​您​可​以​從​這​個​方​塊​選​擇​虛​擬​網​路​組​態​設​定​並​加​以​編​輯​。​

1. 請​開​啟​主​機​詳​細​資​料​選​單​（請​參​閱 節 16.14, “管​理​虛​擬​網​路​”）並​按​下​新​增​按​鈕​。​
   

   圖形 16.30. 虛​擬​網​路​組​態​設​定​

   
   
   如​此​將​會​開​啟​建​立​新​的​虛​擬​網​路​選​單​。​請​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
   

   圖形 16.31. 建​立​新​的​虛​擬​網​路​

   
   
2. 替​虛​擬​網​路​輸​入​適​合​的​名​稱​然​後​點​選​「​下​一​步​」​。​
   

   圖形 16.32. 為​虛​擬​系​統​命​名​

   
   
3. 請​為​您​的​虛​擬​網​路​輸​入​一​組 IPv4 位​址​空​間​然​後​按​下​「​下​一​步​」​。​
   

   圖形 16.33. 選​擇​一​組 IPv4 位​址​空​間​

   
   
4. 請​經​由​指​定 IP 位​置​的​起​始​與​結​尾​範​圍​來​定​義​您​的​虛​擬​網​路​的 DHCP 範​圍​。​請​點​選​「​下​一​步​」​來​繼​續​進​行​。​
   

   圖形 16.34. 選​擇 DHCP 範​圍​

   
   
5. 選​擇​虛​擬​網​路​連​接​到​實​體​網​路​的​方​式​。​
   

   圖形 16.35. 連​至​實​體​網​路​

   
   
   如​果​您​選​擇​了​發​送​到​實​體​網​路​，請​將​目​的​選​擇​為 NAT 至​任​何​實​體​裝​置​或​是 NAT 至​實​體​裝​置 eth0。​
   Click Forward to continue.
6. 您​現​在​已​能​夠​建​立​網​路​。​請​確​認​您​的​網​路​組​態​設​定​並​點​選​完​成​。​
   

   圖形 16.36. 已​準​備​好​建​立​網​路​

   
   
7. 新​的​虛​擬​網​路​現​在​已​能​透​過​主​機​資​料​選​單​上​的​虛​擬​網​路​分​頁​中​取​得​。​
   

   圖形 16.37. 新​的​虛​擬​網​路​已​能​夠​使​用​

   
   

過程 19.1. 在 BIOS 中​啟​用​虛​擬​化​延​伸​功​能​

1. 請​重​新​啟​動​電​腦​並​開​啟​系​統​的 BIOS 選​單​。​這​一​般​可​透​過​按​下 delete 或​是 Alt + F4 鍵​來​進​行​。​
2. 請​選​擇 Restore Defaults（復​原​預​設​值​），然​後​選​擇 Save & Exit（儲​存​並​退​出​）。​
3. 將​機​器​關​閉​並​拆​除​電​源​。​
4. 請​將​機​器​啟​動​並​開​啟 BIOS Setup Utility（BIOS 設​定​工​具​）。​開​啟​處​理​器​的​部​份​並​啟​用 Intel®Virtualization Technology 或 AMD-V。​這​些​值​在​某​些​機​器​上​也​可​能​會​被​稱​為​Virtualization Extensions（虛​擬​化​延​伸​）。​請​選​擇 Save & Exit。​
5. 將​機​器​關​閉​並​拆​除​電​源​。​
6. 執​行 cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx svm。​如​果​您​看​到​任​何​結​果​，表​示​虛​擬​延​伸​功​能​已​經​啟​用​。​如​果​您​看​不​到​任​何​結​果​，那​表​示​您​的​系​統​沒​有​任​何​虛​擬​延​伸​功​能​，或​者 BIOS 並​未​啟​用​這​功​能​。​