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10. Fedora 桌面
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10. Fedora 桌面

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

本节详述影响 Fedora 图形桌面用户的改变。

10.1. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.22.

GNOME 欢迎屏幕被上游开发者禁止了。要启用它，使用 gconf-editor 或下面的命令: 

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true

本次发布中，锁定屏幕对话框并未连接到指定的屏幕保护程序。要启用它，使用 gconf-editor 或下面的命令: 

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"

10.1.1. Gvfs

GNOME 2.22 features the new Gvfs, a userspace virtual file-system with back-ends for sftp, ftp, dav, smb, obexftp, and others. The Gvfs system is the replacement/successor of gnome-vfs.

Gvfs consists of two parts:

  • GIO, which is a new shared library that is part of GLib and provides the API for gvfs

  • Gvfs itself, a package that contains back-ends for the various file system types and protocols

The Gvfs system runs a single master daemon, gvfsd, that keeps track of the current gvfs mounts. Most mounts are run in a separate daemon process. Clients talk to the mounts with a combination of DBus calls (on the session bus and using peer-to-peer DBus) and a custom protocol for file contents.

A few file-system types previously supported by gnome-vfs may not be yet supported by gvfs. Work continues to provide completed solutions for all these types.

10.1.2. GNOME Display Manager

The GNOME Display Manager (gdm) has been updated to the latest upstream code. PolicyKit can be used to control shutdown and reboot. The configuration tool gdmsetup is set to be replaced. New features available on the login screen include:

  • nicer graphical effects

  • power management and monitoring on the login screen, so the laptop hibernates or shuts down when the battery gets low

  • smarter user list

  • keyboard layout selector on the login screen

For more information on this feature:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/NewGdm

10.2. KDE

This release features KDE 4.0.2. As the kdepim and kdevelop packages are not part of KDE 4.0 and kdewebdev is only partially available (no Quanta) in KDE 4.0, the KDE 3.5.9 versions of those packages are shipped.

KDE 4.0 features upgrades to core components such as the port to Qt 4. It also introduces a number of brand new frameworks such as the Phonon, a multimedia API; Solid, a hardware integration framework; Plasma, a re-written desktop and panel with many new concepts; integrated desktop search; compositing as a feature of KWin; and a brand new visual style called Oxygen. KDE 4.0.2 is a bugfix release from the KDE 4.0 release series.

Fedora 9 does not include the legacy KDE 3 Desktop. It does include a compatibility KDE 3 Development Platform, which can be used to build and run KDE 3 applications within KDE 4 or any other desktop environment. Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for more details about what is included.

Since networkmanager does not work with the version of NetworkManager available in this release, the KDE Live images use nm-applet from NetworkManager-gnome as a replacement. The gnome-keyring-daemon facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. (The dummy knetworkmanager package from Fedora 8 that only called nm-applet is no longer used.)

As the native KWin window manager now optionally supports compositing and desktop effects, the KDE Live images no longer include Compiz/Beryl. The KWin compositing/effects mode is disabled by default, but can be enabled in systemsettings.

10.2.1. Workspace Changes

  • Plasma replaces the old Kicker and KDesktop. Plasma manages both the panel and the desktop, and it is now possible to place the same Plasma applets (plasmoids) on both the panel and the desktop if the applet supports the size restrictions imposed by the panel.

  • The old KDE Control Center (KControl) has been replaced by System Settings (systemsettings).

  • The KDM login manager uses a new theme format. Therefore, KDM themes written for KDE 3 do not work with the KDM in KDE 4. KDM now includes support for theme configuration, thus the external kdmtheme tool is no longer needed.

All the above applications can be found in the kdebase-workspace package.

10.2.2. Package and Application Changes

  • The packages qt , kdelibs , and kdebase now represent the KDE 4 version, obsoleting the qt4 , kdelibs4 , and kdebase4 packages in previous releases of Fedora.

  • The Qt/KDE 3 versions have been renamed qt3 , kdelibs3 , and kdebase3 . Fedora 9 only includes parts of kdebase3 . Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for details.

  • Upstream KDE has split the kdebase module into three modules: kdebase-runtime , kdebase (sometimes called kdebase-apps to distinguish it from the old monolithic kdebase ), and kdebase-workspace . This split is reflected in the Fedora packages.

  • Fedora 9 adds a kdegames3 package containing the games not yet ported to KDE 4.

  • Dolphin, which is part of kdebase , replaces d3lphin .

  • The kdebase-workspace package now includes support for KDM theme configuration, and therefore obsoletes kdmtheme .

  • Okular replaces KPDF, KGhostView, and KFax in kdegraphics .

  • The package kaider replaces KBabel, which used to be part of kdesdk .

  • The okteta package replaces KHexEdit, which used to be part of kdeutils .

  • The packages kalgebra and marble are now part of kdeedu .

  • The ksudoku package is now part of kdegames .

  • The package gwenview is now part of kdegraphics .

  • The kiconedit and kcoloredit packages, which used to be part of kdegraphics , are now separate packages.

  • The package kmid , which used to be part of kdemultimedia , is now a separate package.

  • The Fedora KDE SIG decided to drop the -extras sub-packages, which contained deprecated or unstable applications, because those applications have been either fixed or dropped in KDE 4.

  • The package kdeadmin-kpackage has been split out of kdeadmin because KPackage now depends on smart .

  • KDE 4 dropped the kdeaddons module. Therefore, there is no kdeaddons package in Fedora 9. The Atlantik Designer, for use with kdegames3 , is still available as kdeaddons-atlantikdesigner . The package ksig is now its own package, and extragear-plasma replaces the Kicker addons. The Konqueror plugins are being packaged as a separate konq-plugins package.

10.3. 蓝牙

The Bluetooth feature in Fedora 9 (http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/BluetoothFedora9) has several enhancements specific to this release. The future generations of this feature is covered with greater detail at:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBluetooth

File sending to a Bluetooth device is now handled with the bluetooth-sendto program from the bluez-gnome package, which replaces gnome-obex-sen. Send a file in Nautilus from the Send to... function in the right-click context menu.

Pulling files from a Bluetooth device is now included in gnome-user-share , which has ObexFTP and ObexPush support built-in. Share files via SystemPreferencesInternet and NetworkPersonal File SharingShare Public files over Bluetooth (ObexFTP support), or pull files using ObexPush with PersonalFile SharingReceive files in Downloads folder over Bluetooth.

Files on the remote Bluetooth device can be viewed directly in Nautilus through GVFS, which supports Bluetooth devices. Synchronizing a Bluetooth device with a personal information manager (PIM) device is done using gnome-pilot

Browsing of Bluetooth devices is done via the right-click context menu from the Bluetooth icon on the desktop panel.

10.4. XULRunner

Applications that require the Gecko engine have had to depend on the entirety of Firefox. XULRunner is the Mozilla effort to split the browser engine for applications that require only that functionality, and no user interface parts. This split provides more API/ABI stability and a cleaner build environment for applications using Gecko. Many of the applications in Fedora that previously used Gecko now are built against XULRunner.

For a current status, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XULRunner. To help with development, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureXULRunnerAPIChanges.

For full upstream documentation, refer to http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner.

10.5. Web 浏览器

This release of Fedora includes version 3.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox. The nspluginwrapper package is included by default even on 32-bit systems since it separates the plugins to run in their own address space, which increases security and reliability of the browser.

For information about Firefox 3.0 in Fedora, refer to this feature page:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Firefox3

10.5.1. 启用 Flash 插件

Fedora includes swfdec and gnash , which are free and open source implementations of Flash. We encourage you to try either or them before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash plugin software.

Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the nspluginwrapper.i386 package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash plugin in x86_64 Firefox and the pulseaudio-libs.i386 package to enable sound from the plugin.

  1. Create the 32bit mozilla plugin directory: 

    su -c "mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins"

  2. Install the nspluginwrapper.i386 , nspluginwrapper.x86_64 , and pulseaudio-libs.i386 packages: 

    su -c "yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-libs.i386"

  3. 按照上面的步骤安装 flash-plugin。

    运行 mozilla-plugin-config 来注册 flash 插件：

    su -c "mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v"

  4. 关闭所有 Firefox 窗口，重新运行 Firefox。

    在地址栏输入 about:plugins，查看插件是否已被加载。

10.6. Disabling PC Speaker

PC speaker is enabled by default in Fedora. If you do not prefer this, there are two ways to circumvent the sounds:

  • Reduce its volume to a acceptable level or completely mute the PC speaker in alsamixer with the setting for PC Speak.

  • Disable the PC speaker system wide by running the following commands in a console. 

su -
modprobe -r pcspkr
echo "install pcspkr :" >> /etc/modprobe.conf

10.7. International Clock Applet

The new clock applet in the GNOME panel has expanded to support additional international timezones in the display, as well as weather information for each configured timezone displayed. This work, which involved merging intlclock with the GNOME clock applet, provides all the functionality of system-config-date and the weather applet. Additional features include: users can choose arbtirary locations instead of principal timezones; UI enhancements for new and old functions; and full weather information shown in a tool tip.

Read more about this feature:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureClockApplet

10.8. Dictionaries Consolidated

There is a new default spell checking back-end, hunspell, for both the GNOME and KDE desktops, as well as applications such as OpenOffice.org, Firefox, and other XULRunner-based applications. This common back-end includes a set of shared, multi-lingual dictionaries for use with hunspell. This feature uses a single set of common dictionaries regardless of the application, which gives consistent suggestions for misspelled words and uses less diskpace by eliminating duplicate dictionaries.

Details on this effort are here:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureDictionary

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