Virtualisierung in Fedora 11 enthält wichtige Änderungen und neue Eigenschaften, welche weiter von Xen- und KVM-Plattformen unterstützt werden und zahlreichen anderen virtuellen Maschinen-Plattformen.
5.3.1. Improved VNC Authentication for Virtual Machine Management
Fedora 11 introduces the ability to use the SASL protocol for authenticating VNC connection to KVM and QEMU virtual machines. SASL is a pluggable system, allowing many different authentication mechanisms to be configured without changing the application code. The use of SASL, in combination with existing TLS encryption support, will allow clients like vinagre, virt-viewer and virt-manager to securely connect to remote virtual machine consoles hosted on Fedora servers. In environments where Kerberos is deployed, this further allows for secure single sign on to the VNC server. This new authentication capability obsoletes the traditional VNC password scheme which is not sufficiently secure.
5.3.2. Verbesserte grafische Konsole für virtuelle Maschinen
Previous Fedora virtual guest consoles were limited to a screen resolution of 800x600, and the PS2 mouse pointer operated in relative coordinate mode. This prevented the guest pointer from tracking the local client pointer one for one.
Fedora 11 provides more accurate mouse pointer positioning and higher screen resolutions for virtual machine consoles. Fedora 11 guests default to a screen resolution of at least 1024x768, and are provided with a USB tablet in absolute coordinate mode. This results in a mouse pointer which tracks the local client pointer one for one.
5.3.3. KVM PCI Device Assignment
Fedora 11 expands its virtualization capabilities to include KVM PCI device assignment support. KVM users can now give virtual machines exclusive access to physical PCI devices using Fedora's virtualization tools, including the Virtual Machine Manager application.
Anmerkung
Hardware requirements: Intel VT-d or AMD IOMMU hardware platform support is required in order for this feature to be available.
5.3.4. Zusammenführung von KVM und QEMU
QEMU provides a processor and system emulator which enables users to launch guest virtual machines of the same architecture as the host machine or of a dramatically different architecture. KVM provides kernel level support for running guests of the same architecture as the host.
QEMU takes advantage of KVM to run guests directly on the hardware without any translation needed by the host, allowing much higher levels of performance.
Fedora 11 includes a merge of the
qemu and
kvm RPMs. The
kvm package is now obsoleted by
pngqemu-kvm. The merging of the two code bases continues upstream, but the Fedora package maintainers have chosen to merge the packages now in order reduce the maintenance burden and provide better support.
5.3.5. SVirt Mandatory Access Control
Fedora 11 integrates SELinux's Mandatory Access Control with Virtualization. Virtual machines can now be much more effectively isolated from the host and one another, giving the increased assurance that security flaws cannot be exploited by malicious guests.
5.3.6. Offline Manipulation of Virtual Machines
libguestfs is a new library for accessing and modifying guest disk images. Using Linux kernel and QEMU code, libguestfs can access any type of guest filesystem that Linux and QEMU can.
The following tools are provided by libguestfs:
guestfish - Provides an interactive shell for editing virtual machine filesystems and executing commands in the context of the guest.
virt-inspector - Displays OS version, kernel, drivers, mount points, applications, etc. in a virtual machine.
Bindings for OCaml, Perl, Python, Ruby, and Java programming languages.
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5.3.7. Andere Verbesserungen
Fedora enthält ausserdem die folgenden Virtualisierungsverbesserungen:
5.3.7.1. QEMU auf 0.10.0 aktualisiert
QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer.
When used as a machine emulator, QEMU can run OSes and programs made for one machine (e.g. an ARM board) on a different machine (e.g. your own PC). By using dynamic translation, it achieves very good performance.
When used as a virtualizer, QEMU achieves near native performance by executing the guest code directly on the host CPU. A host driver called the QEMU accelerator (also known as KQEMU) is needed in this case. The virtualizer mode requires that both the host and guest machine use x86 compatible processors.
Neue Eigenschaften und Verbesserungen seit 0.9.1
TCG support - No longer requires GCC 3.x
Kernel Virtual Machine acceleration support
BSD userspace-Emulation
Bluetooth emulation and host passthrough support
GDB XML register description support
Intel e1000-Emulation
HPET-Emulation
VirtIO paravirtual device support
Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal-Emulation
Nokia N-series tablet emulation / OMAP2 processor emulation
PCI-Hotplug-Unterstützung
Live migration and new save/restore formats
Curses display support
qemu-nbd utility to mount supported block formats
Altivec support in PPC emulation and new firmware (OpenBIOS)
Multiple VNC clients are now supported
TLS encryption is now supported in VNC
Many, many, bug fixes and new features
5.3.7.2. KVM aktualisiert auf 84
KVM (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware.
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux or Windows images. Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc.
5.3.7.3. libvirt auf 0.6.1 aktualisiert
The libvirt package provides an API and tools to interact with the virtualization capabilities of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The libvirt software is designed to be a common denominator among all virtualization technologies with support for the following:
Den Xen-Hypervisor auf einem Linux- und Solaris-Host.
Den QEMU-Emulator
Den KVM-Linux-Hypervisor
Das LXC Linux-Container-System
Das OpenVZ Linux-Container-System
Speicher auf IDE/SCSI/USB-Platten, FibreChannel, LVM, iSCSI und NFS
5.3.7.4. virt-manager wurde auf 0.7.0 aktualisiert
The virt-manager package provides a GUI implementation of virtinst and libvirt functionality.
5.3.7.5. virtinst auf 0.400.3 aktualisiert
Das python-virtinst-Paket beinhaltet Werkzeuge für die Installierung und Manipulation von multiplen VM-Gast-Abbild-Formaten.
5.3.7.6. Xen auf 3.3.1 aktualisiert
Fedora 11 supports booting as a domU guest, but will not function as a dom0 host until such support is provided in the upstream kernel. Support for a pv_ops dom0 is targeted for Xen 3.4.
Xen 3.3.1 is a maintenance release in the 3.3 series.
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5.3.8. Xen-Kernel-Unterstützung
The kernel package in Fedora 11 supports booting as a guest domU, but will not function as a dom0 until such support is provided upstream. Work is ongoing and hopes are high that support will be included in kernel 2.6.30 and Fedora 12.
The most recent Fedora release with dom0 support is Fedora 8.
Booting a Xen domU guest within a Fedora 11 host requires the KVM based xenner. Xenner runs the guest kernel and a small Xen emulator together as a KVM guest.
Wichtig
KVM requires hardware virtualization features in the host system. Systems lacking hardware virtualization do not support Xen guests at this time.
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